如今，在经历了新冠疫情和俄乌战争的冲击之后，地缘政治格局承受着巨大的压力，各方更难达成共识。世界避免了一场严重的增长危机，但潜在增速的下降趋势仍然存在，令人担忧。全球增长持续放缓，未来前景不断走弱。

Namibia’s arid climate makes it highly susceptible to severe weather shocks. The prolonged drought in 2023–24 caused a sharp decline in crop yields and exacerbated food insecurity. This paper ...

We present new evidence on the impact of fiscal variables on long-term interest rates and term premia in the United States. To alleviate endogeneity problems, we follow the seminal methodology by ...

With high unemployment, especially among the youth, Namibia lags behind the SSA region on labor market outcomes. Between 2012 and 2018, there was a structural shift in the economy from agriculture to ...

A Concluding Statement describes the preliminary findings of IMF staff at the end of an official staff visit (or ‘mission’), in most cases to a member country. Missions are undertaken as part of ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the 2025 discussions on common euro area policies with member countries. This year, the consultation also included a discussion o ...

Kiribati faces significant development challenges due to its remoteness, limited landmass, and high exposure to climate-related shocks. The government has expanded social benefits and is pursuing an ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Iraq and considered and endorsed the staff appraisal without a meeting on a lapse-of-time basis ...

On July 9, 2025, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Kiribati, and considered and endorsed the staff appraisal without a meeting.

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today completed the fourth review of the US$3 billion, 36-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement, which was approved by the Board ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today completed the third review of Somalia’s economic reform program supported by the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement ...

The paper benchmarks Ireland’s public spending efficiency to peer countries in infrastructure, health, and education using a variety of indicators and maps the efficiency frontiers in these sectors ...