Background Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis can cross the placenta, and could have long-lasting effects on the brain of the developing foetus. We examine whether exposure to these substances is ...

Results In unadjusted models, greater risk scores across the five domains were associated with increased risk of obesity-hypertension. For the NCDS, in adjusted models, there remained a significant ...

Background Community development engages local communities in work for positive social change, such as improving local services and infrastructure. Local government funding for community development ...

Background Investigating socioeconomic variation in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time is important as it may represent a pathway by which socioeconomic position (SEP) leads to ill health.

Methods The study population of this observational historic cohort study consisted of subjects with DM, who had purchased for at least one insulin prescription and/or one oral antidiabetic between ...

Study objective: To study the associations between neighbourhood level violence/fear of violence and physical activity among elderly people, accounting for somatic health. Design: Self reported data ...

Biological expressions of social inequality Biological expressions of social inequality refers to how people literally embody and biologically express experiences of economic and social inequality, ...

Background To evaluate medication adherence and associated factors of seven of the most common drug classes prescribed to community-dwelling older people. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study ...

Background Marital relationship quality has been suggested to have independent effects on cardiovascular health outcomes. This study investigates the association between changes in marital ...

Background The return of public health to local government in England in 2013 created an opportunity to integrate preventive services with agencies that act on the wider determinants of health. A ...

Background Immune-mediated processes leading to childhood type 1 diabetes may begin in fetal life. We hypothesised that a ...

Background Over the past decade, there have been significant cuts to local authority (LA) budgets, which have not been felt equally across England. Cultural, environmental, planning and development ...