Microsoft Excel relies on two fundamental reference types when addressing other cells. Absolute references -- which are denoted with a "$" -- lock a reference, so it will not change when copying the ...

Take advantage of relative cell references to add the same values to two different rows in Excel. Relative cell references create relationships between cells so that values entered in one cell are ...

Q: My partner says there’s an F4 shortcut to creating absolute cell references in Excel formulas, but for the life of me I can’t make it work. What am I doing wrong? A: Your partner is right, but ...

Each cell in a worksheet has a unique reference that describes its position – for example A1. In a spreadsheet, there are two types of cell reference – 'relative cell reference' and 'absolute cell ...

In October of 2001 , we described in this column how to use the dollar sign ($) to make an Excel formula constant—so when you copy a formula to a different location on a spreadsheet it won’t ...