Randomization of presence-absence data matrices with fixed row and column totals is an important tool in ecological research wherever the significance of data-based statistics (e.g., species ...

Generating a string of random numbers is easy. The hard part is proving that they’re random. As Dilbert creator Scott Adams once pointed out, “that’s the problem with randomness: you can never be sure ...

Quantum computers promise enormous computational power, but the nature of quantum states makes computation and data ...

R esearchers have successfully used a quantum algorithm to solve a complex century-old mathematical problem long considered ...

Deployment of more and more applications on the cloud and use of the Internet demand careful attention to cyber security threats. Attacks against web applications are the most frequent challenge. To ...

Consider the number of steps needed by algorithms to locate the minimum of functions defined on the d-cube, where the functions are known to have no local minima except the global minimum. Regard this ...