Open loop cooling systems use water to cool engines directly, while closed-loop systems use marine coolant and a heat exchanger to keep engines cool.

An open-loop cooling system, also called raw water cooling, draws water directly from the body of water the boat is floating in, whether it's saltwater or freshwater.

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid closed-loop systems* automatically regulate insulin delivery.

Closed-loop pumped-hydro storage offers more chances to minimize environmental effects on water sources and overcomes the problem of finding suitable sites. According to an Australian research team, ...

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets ...

How often does an existing open condenser water system, or some other type of open water system, get reused as part of a building renovation project and/or mechanical system upgrade? It happens ...