Introduction. In the field of electronic manufacturing, HDI (High-Density Interconnect) PCBs have become the cor ...

In-circuit test (ICT) systems have been the leaders in using electrical means to look for structural defects in PCBs. They employ bed-of-nails fixtures to provide electrical access to as many as 7000 ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

Test engineers struggle to find the optimum balance between printed-circuit-board (PCB) cost and test coverage. Low coverage leads to excessive field returns, warranty replacements, and even lawsuits.

[Hans Summers] runs a site qrp-labs.com, selling self-assembly kits mostly for radio gear and GPS applications, and had some production problems with his QCX-mini QRP transceiver kit. They were using ...