In National 5 Lifeskills Maths standard deviation is a measure of consistency or spread of data. It is used as a comparison between different data sets.

Excel and Google Sheets have three functions to calculate the internal rate of return: IRR, XIRR, and MIRR. Learn how these functions can calculate investment returns.

How to Calculate the DSCR in Excel Before calculating the ratio, in Excel, we must first create the column and row heading names.