Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

A specialized segment of the electrical construction and maintenance industry, AC motor control is an area that requires specific knowledge in order to troubleshoot ...

Note: This specialization requires purchase of a hardware kit in order to apply your knowledge and skill with real world tools. The hardware will be used to complete the lab exercises across the four ...

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The fundamental circuit shown in Figure 1 generates timing for a two-phase stepper motor from an oscillator, as well as a direction (forward or reverse) signal. Figure... The fundamental circuit shown ...

Energy conversion efficiency has always played an important role in electronics design, and in the case of electric motors, the conversion takes place twice: first to create the electricity needed to ...