Reinforcement Bar Cutoffs and Bend Points It is common practice to cut or bend main reinforcement in beams and slabs where it is no longer required. But tensile steel should never be discontinued e… ...

Of course, a woodworker’s kit is never truly full, and you’ll always find upgrades and knick-knacks to add to their collection, but, for starters, here are some essentials you’ll need. Router table ...

Hydrology and hydrological cycle are important science that deals with the depletion and the replenishment of the water resources. The knowledge of hydrology is necessary to perform design, operati… ...

Today many people that are building or remodeling their houses choose to use eco-friendly building materials. An eco-friendly building material is one that increases the efficiency of energy used and ...

Reading time: 1 minute Compressive strength test on bricks are carried out to determine the load carrying capacity of bricks under compression with the help of compression testing machine. Bricks are ...

Seismic zones in Indian subcontinent is divided into four seismic zones (II, III, IV, and V) based on scientific inputs relating to seismicity, earthquakes occurred in the past and tectonic setup of ...

There various parts of a retaining wall and design principles of these retaining wall components based on different factors and material and methods of construction are discussed. Any wall that sus… ...

Reading time: 1 minute Lateral Load Distribution of Frame Building In a two-dimensional moment-resisting frame, each joint typically has a maximum of three degrees of freedom: displacement in ...

Spalling is break away of concrete surface which often extends to the top layers of reinforcing steel. Spalls may be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25mm or more in depth, and the occurrence of smal… ...

Reading time: 1 minute In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of ...

Certain conditions may be encountered during sewer sanitary pipe system construction. So, special methods and considerations for sewer pipe construction in these cases is discussed.

The manufacture of asphalt roofing materials has been undergone from the 1890s. Today asphalt shingles cover 70 to 80 percent of the roofs in united states. It has now spread to different part of t… ...