Introduction Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune mediated cholangiopathy. There are well recognised treatments for both the underlying disease and symptom control highlighted ...

Endoscopic retrograde laser lithotripsy of common bile duct stones is a new technique which can be carried out through the endoscope without anaesthesia using ordinary endoscopic equipment. In the ...

Objective Over half of patients with IBS have either diarrhoea (IBS-D) or a mixed stool pattern (IBS-M). The relative efficacy of licenced pharmacological therapies is unclear in the absence of ...

Correspondence to Dr Kathleen E DelGiorno, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; kathleen.delgiorno{at}vanderbilt.edu; Dr Oren Parnas, Lautenberg Center for ...

The Lyon Consensus provides conclusive criteria for and against the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and adjunctive metrics that consolidate or refute GERD diagnosis when primary ...

Background Existing scales for assessing faecal incontinence have not been validated against clinical assessment, or with regard to reproducibility. They also fail to take into account faecal urgency, ...

One hundred and eight patients with ileostomies were investigated for cholelithiasis at routine annual review in a large Ileostomy Clinic. Gallstones were demonstrated in 24-5%, which is three times ...

BACKGROUND Colonoscopy remains technically difficult in 10–20% of procedures due to variable colonic anatomy and fixation. The ability to vary endoscope shaft flexibility may help insertion to the ...

Objective Patients with increased PD-L1 + host cells in tumours are more potent to benefit from antiprogrammed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment, but the underlying mechanism is ...

BACKGROUND Topical nitrates lower anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. The internal anal sphincter has a calcium dependent mechanism to ...

Correspondence to Dr Madhusudan Grover, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester MN 55905, USA; ...

Correspondence to Dr Noel F C C de Miranda, Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; N.F.de_Miranda{at}lumc.nl Objective Biological insights into the stepwise ...