The relative frequency definition of probability says: If an experiment is repeated, the probability of an event (a specified outcome of the experiment) is the relative frequency of occurrence of that ...

Abstract: We consider a decentralized distributed massive MIMO (DD-mMIMO) system with limited fronthaul capacity. This is a novel architecture of scalable cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO). In ...

Abstract: The stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) necessitates treating power system frequency response as a random process with a nonstationary probability density function (PDF).

In February 2024, a shipwreck off Tobago caused a significant surface oil spill, highlighting the need for accurate modeling ...

This important study of artificial selection in microbial communities shows that the possibility of selecting a desired fraction of slow and fast-growing types is impacted by their initial fractions.

Daniel Liberto is a journalist with over 10 years of experience working with publications such as the Financial Times, The Independent, and Investors Chronicle. Robert Kelly is managing director of ...