We investigate the effect of reducing the number of phase-shifting stages in optical neural networks. High data-classification accuracy over 95% is obtained with only 1/10 phase shifters when the ...

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are a class of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that are deep in the sense that they have many layers of hidden units between the input and output layers. Deep neural ...

Many problems in science and engineering can be mathematically modeled using partial differential equations (PDEs), which are essential for fields like computational fluid dynamics (CFD), molecular ...