This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The recurrent features of a 'prestige language' are broadly reviewed. The prevailing socio-political constellation provides motivations for ...

Lingua francas, usually simple and often pidginized, are widespread and extremely useful wherever languages are many. Because they are spoken by people of varied language backgrounds and imperfect ...

Designating early elementary students who are close to being proficient in English as English-language learners can have “significant and positive effects on the academic achievement” of the students, ...