An MRI scan revealed severe spinal canal stenosis at L3-L4 and L4-L5, as well as a herniated nucleus pulposus on the right at L5-S1 (Figs 11, 12). DC underwent a L3-L5 decompressive laminectomy ...

Plain radiographs can provide useful information regarding intervertebral discs, including signs of instability and the degenerative process (Figure 2). Changes in vertebral structure occur in the ...