This article proposes an original method to estimate a continuous transformation that maps one N-dimensional distribution to another. The method is iterative, non-linear, and is shown to converge.

This study reveals for the first time the essential mechanism of tool-integrated reasoning through rigorous mathematical proof and develops a novel training algorithm that enables AI to utilize tools ...

The jitter probability density function (PDF) at multistage output buffers due to supply voltage fluctuations is analytically derived. For experimental validation, an integrated circuit (IC) is ...