The relative frequency definition of probability says: If an experiment is repeated, the probability of an event (a specified outcome of the experiment) is the relative frequency of occurrence of that ...

In research that could improve weather forecasting and winter driving safety, a University of Michigan-led study ...

The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cortical dynamics depend on the state of consciousness and the stimulation polarity.

Decision-making inherently involves cause–effect relationships that introduce causal challenges. We argue that reliable algorithms for decision-making need to build upon causal reasoning. Addressing ...