Conventional neutron numbers are based on the approximations that the mass of the electron is zero and that those of the proton and neutron are each equal to unity. It was shown, by using the exact ...

Chlorine naturally exists as two isotopes, \(_{17}^{35}\textrm{Cl}\) (chlorine-35) and \(_{17}^{37}\textrm{Cl}\) (chlorine-37). The abundance of chlorine-35 is 75% and the abundance of chlorine-37 is ...

This video is an interactive lesson in calculating an atom’s mass and atomic number. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells. The numbers of ...

Researchers developed a method to accurately calculate atomic forces for elements with high atomic numbers with quantum Monte Carlo simulations Ishikawa, Japan-- Atomic forces are primarily ...