A three sigma limit is a statistical calculation that refers to data within three standard deviations from a mean. It shows how much variation exists from an average.

There are three methods of calculating Value at Risk (VaR), including the historical method, the variance-covariance method, and the Monte Carlo simulation.

The Centre for Multilevel Modelling (CMM) is a research centre based at the University of Bristol. Our researchers are drawn from the School of Education. We collaborate with a range of researchers in ...