In this article, Söll and colleagues review the mechanisms of genetic code flexibility — biased codon usage, codon reassignment, ambiguous decoding and recoding — and discuss how this ...

The same amino acid can be encoded by anywhere from one to six different strings of letters in the genetic code. Andrzej Wojcicki/Science Photo Library via Getty ImagesNearly all life, from ...

Redefining what cells understand when they interpret the genetic code.

The genetic code is the universal set of rules that defines how DNA and RNA sequences are translated into proteins, enabling the accurate synthesis of essential biomolecules in all living organisms.

The genetic code is redundant — CCA and CCG both encode proline, for example – but passwords are not. Substitute the end G for the end A and your Amazon account won’t work.

All living things on Earth use a version of the same genetic code. Every cell makes proteins using the same 20 amino acids. Ribosomes, the protein-making machinery within cells, read the genetic ...

The genetic code is redundant, so that several codons represent the same single amino acid, but there are no ambiguities. There are no examples of a single codon within any genome that represents ...

A number of genomes use genetic codes that are different from the standard genetic code. Since many of these genomes have recently been sequenced, we can now study the evolution of the genetic codes ...

Cells working with an expanded genetic code could make more diverse medicines. A new study shows scientists are within striking distance.

Many of the amino acids that make up proteins are encoded by genetic material in more than one way. An information theorist explains how principles of nature may account for this variance.