Often the time derivative of a measured variable is of as much interest as the variable itself. For a growing population of biological cells, for example, the population’s growth rate is typically ...

A PHASE relation familiar to students of applied mathematics exists between a simple harmonic oscillation and its derivative. Similar relations exist between exponential functions and their ...

Tierney and Kadane (1986) presented a simple second-order approximation for posterior expectations of positive functions. They used Laplace's method for asymptotic evaluation of integrals, in which ...

Posterior means of positive functions can be expressed as the ratio of integrals which is called fully exponential form. When approximating the posterior means analytically, we usually use Laplace's ...