Acoustic positioning and navigation technology is the main technical means for underwater target location and navigation systems, where the precision of time delay estimation is the key. This paper ...

An implicit discrete-time version of the twisting sliding-mode control algorithm is considered. The framework of variational inequalities is used to define the control input values. This provides the ...

This study reveals for the first time the essential mechanism of tool-integrated reasoning through rigorous mathematical proof and develops a novel training algorithm that enables AI to utilize tools ...

This research reveals, for the first time, the essential mechanisms of tool-integrated reasoning through rigorous ...