This letter presents an enhanced external torque estimation algorithm for series elastic actuators (SEAs) expanding the usability of the residual-based technique. Although the residual method ...

Functions are one of the most fundamental concepts in mathematics, serving as a cornerstone for topics in algebra, calculus and beyond. Basics of functions are stepping-stone to success in functions ...

Respiratory is known to be a confounding factor of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis. This article introduces a Breath-to-Breath Interval (BBI) spectral computation to investigate the insight ...