Here, capacitive moisture sensors are screen-printed on a fully biodegradable paper substrate infiltrated with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Screen-printed trace quality on the CNF-composite substrate ...

This paper addresses the optimization and implementation of a fringing field capacitive soil moisture sensor using the printed circuit board technology. It includes the analysis of a novel ...

Spatial distribution of global trends in soil moisture over the past 40 years derived from multiple datasets (a–d show soil moisture indices). Credit: Communications Earth & Environment (2025).

The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, launched in 2015, has over 10 years of global L-band radiometry observations. The low frequency [1.4 GHz frequency or 21 cm (8 in) wavelength ...