Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch ...
While the associated leg pain may only be temporary, it can sometimes persist and may even become permanent for some people. Disc herniation (or bulge) is another common cause of lumbar radiculopathy.
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is any narrowing in the lumbar spinal canal or lateral recess. It can be developmental, congenital, or acquired. This article discusses acquired degenerative lumbar ...