Many of the challenges we address here were evident to the pioneers of medical decision analysis of the 1950s 7 and to scholars in subsequent decades 8-11 who conducted careful and creative studies of ...

In quantum science, complexity often grows unexpectedly. A classical bit can only be 0 or 1, while the state of 50 quantum bits requires more than ten trillion complex numbers to fully describe, a ...

Imagine a future where machines don't just beat us at chess or write poetry but fundamentally outthink humanity in ways we can barely comprehend. This isn't science fiction – it's a scenario that ...