A simple and efficient recursive formula to calculate the S-parameters of large, finite periodic structures is introduced. The technique utilizes measured or computed S matrices of structures with a ...

In this paper we investigate how numbers, functions, and sequences can be classified according to their computational complexity. The computational complexity is measured by how fast the number or ...

This section focuses on the key features and methods for working with linear graphs. It demonstrates how to sketch graphs from rules, derive rules from graphs, and calculate key features such as the ...

Many objects such as packing containers, buildings and components of machines have geometric representations that use two- and three-dimensional shapes. This leads to many practical scenarios that ...

Improved gray-scale (IGS) quantization is a known method for re-quantizing digital gray-scale images for data compression while producing halftones by adding a level of randomness to improve visual ...