Your card number is carefully structured. The very first digit is what’s known as the major industry identifier. A 4 means ...

In addition, the results' summarization on 60 datasets with 30 different executions shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the threshold-based algorithm by 6% and the enhanced ABC by 3% in ...

LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, has been called the most precise ruler in the world for its ...

This paper presents and investigates two new numerical algorithms (i.e., E47 algorithm and 94LVI algorithm) for solving the quadratic programming (QP) problem subject to inequality and bound ...

In this study, our aim was to find out how order of numbers in the arithmetic operation of addition affects cognitive effort of mental processing. We presented two sets of addition questions (a + b) ...

Credit card issuers first assign the account numbers and then compute steps one through three of the Luhn algorithm to determine the appropriate check digit.