Image preprocessing is the first step in OCR technology, aimed at improving image quality to create favorable conditions for subsequent character recognition. Vehicle document images may be affected ...

This paper investigates the problem of distributed stochastic approximation in multiagent systems. The algorithm under study consists of two steps: A local stochastic approximation step and a ...

First, the SD method combines adaptive peak-valley detection thresholds with dynamic window periodic constraints and introduces gait similarity and continuity constraints. This effectively reduces ...