Muscle cramping during exercise is a common problem among athletes that involves sudden, involuntary and painful muscle contraction during or after exercise. The occurrence of cramps is quite ...

Guidelines 10 years ago stated that carbohydrate intake during exercise should be 30-60 grams per hour, this developed to intakes of 90 g/h in some situations, but recently a paper was published that ...

After the previous blog where we discussed what sugars are, in this blog we will look at the role of sugar for energy provision. We will discuss the biochemistry in simple terms, as well as ...

Ice slush, or slurry, is a very low temperature (0-1 °C) drink made with blended ice and liquids. Although popular as ‘slushies’ and available in various bright colours in places like fairs, arcades ...

You have probably seen footage of well-built athletes such as Usain Bolt, Anthony Joshua, or Cristiano Ronaldo that have immersed (parts of) their body into ice cold water. There has bath? Will it ...

In a previous blog I explained the reason for the grams per hour recommendations. In a large number of studies there seemed to be only small differences between individuals in terms of the maximum ...

There are countless times I have watched sports on TV and commentators provide their insights on the regulation of fuel use. “And then you switch to fat metabolism” is one of the commonly heard catch ...

Carbohydrate intake during exercise can enhance endurance exercise performance. But some practical questions like: what is the best pattern of intake? have not been addressed. Carbohydrate intake ...

The World Health Organisation (WHO) have advised that a diet high in free sugars can be harmful to health as it is associated with dental decay and may lead to excess consumption of energy (calories), ...

Ketone esters have received a lot of attention amongst elite athletes but also in the media. We covered the potential role of ketones in these previous blogs (effects on glycogen and performance and ...

HMB has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis in cells in vitro. This means that it seems to work in a petri dish, as we have discussed in a different blog. Similarly, some studies have provided ...

An interesting review (1) was published recently re-igniting the discussion whether women will ever outperform men in ultra-endurance events. Males tend to outperform females in a number of sports.