The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac under the liver that stores bile, a liquid that aids in fat digestion. If a bile duct or tube leading out of the gall bladder gets blocked or infected, painful ...

Graves disease is one of the most common thyroid disorders. The autoimmune disease causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. The condition is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, an ...

Fans of Westerns in the 1960s were absolutely spoiled thanks to two competing powerhouses: Bonanza and Gunsmoke. While Gunsmoke might hold the record for the longest-running Western, Bonanza isn’t far ...

Muscle atrophy occurs when muscle mass decreases, causing limbs and other body parts to appear smaller than normal. Atrophy can result in symptoms such as weakness, balance problems, poor coordination ...

Dystonic reactions are a form of secondary or acquired dystonia, the involuntary contraction of certain muscles. These reactions can affect several different parts of the body and can result from a ...

Fissured tongue is a common condition that describes a tongue with unique fissures or grooves that vary from person to person in size, location, and depth. Depending on the context, doctors also refer ...

There are approximately 100,000 miles of blood vessels in an adult human body -- enough to circle the planet four times. The arteries and veins are an intricate network that helps the organs get the ...

Pycnogenol, flavangenol, or French maritime pine bark extract (PBE) comes from the bark of the European Pinus-pinaster tree and is a super antioxidant with many health benefits. Pine bark extract's ...

Vitamin B12 is a powerhouse nutrient essential for keeping your body running smoothly—it supports nerve health, helps produce red blood cells, and even plays a role in DNA synthesis. For most people, ...

Glomeruli are clusters of small blood vessels in the kidney that allow waste to pass from the blood and into the urine. Glomerulonephritis occurs when the glomeruli swell, damaging the kidneys and ...

Persistent bladder symptoms like frequent bathroom trips or unexpected discomfort often signal more than a minor inconvenience. While often overlooked, the bladder is a cornerstone of your body’s ...

Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled, microscopic intestinal parasite. Whether blastocystis causes illness in people is controversial. The organism is found in both healthy people and those who ...