IT is well known that changes in the d.c. characteristics of transistor amplifiers with temperature are particularly severe, and tend to limit the range over which these devices can operate. The d.c.

In Part 1 of this five-part series, we examined FET voltage controlled resistors, basic voltage controlled resistor circuits, and a balanced or push pull voltage controlled resistor (VCR) circuit.

If you know or can estimate a low-noise amplifier’s gain or noise bandwidth, you can measure the other spec using only a handful of resistors and an ac voltmeter (Reference 1). The method in this ...

Many PIC processors require 5-V power while being programmed, yet battery-powered systems may contain low-voltage devices that will be damaged at voltages above their maximum voltage ratings. In ...