The Kardashev Scale, first proposed by Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev, measures the technological advancement of civilizations by the amount of energy they can harness and use. In its original ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. An award-winning reporter writing about stargazing and the night sky. Human civilization has achieved some incredible things ...

A researcher makes the case that in cosmic scale terms, it is a very fast transition from having the start of intelligence and technology to becoming a Dyson sphere scale civilization. A Dyson Swarm ...

NASA estimates humanity will not achieve a Type 1 civilization until the year 2371. US reacts to confrontation between China ...

Starfield will be exploring many science fiction ideas, including space travel and the terraforming of alien planets. The game will also explore how humans may go about conquering new solar systems ...