Subhash C. Ray, Shadow profit maximization and a measure of overall inefficiency, Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 27, No. 3 (JUNE 2007), pp. 231-236 ...

In contrast, our method controls for heterogeneous input prices by exploiting the first-order conditions of the firm's profit maximization problem and consistently recovers the production function ...

The paper provides a critical review of the literature on the concept of progressivity in the taxation of petroleum and mineral resources and offers a fresh perspective on its purpose and measurement.