Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop So where exactly does open-loop end and closed-loop begin? The line seems clear for some systems, but muddy for others. How much feedback is enough to qualify?

A great example of a closed loop system is TfL’s Oyster card, which many customers still choose to use on its network despite the availability of an open loop alternative. Closed loop systems rely on ...

Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop So where exactly does open-loop end and closed-loop begin? The line seems clear for some systems, but muddy for others. How much feedback is enough to qualify?

Closed-loop pumped-hydro storage offers more chances to minimize environmental effects on water sources and overcomes the problem of finding suitable sites. According to an Australian research team, ...

Proper monitoring and maintenance of closed-loop cooling water systems can help you avoid more-costly repairs to the mechanical systems they cool.

An open-label randomized trial found patients using the closed-loop system had more time in their target glucose ranges. Fully closed-loop insulin therapy led to better results compared with standard ...

Clay Halton was a Business Editor at Investopedia and has been working in the finance publishing field for more than five years. He also writes and edits personal finance content, with a focus on ...