Formal methods offer a mathematically rigorous framework for the specification, development and verification of programming languages and software systems.

In the first part of this paper, the concept of logical reduction is presented. Minimal preferred variable inequalities are introduced, and algorithms are given for their calculation. A simple ...

For a stochastic programming problem with a nonsmooth objective a recursive stochastic subgradient method is proposed in which successive directions are obtained from quadratic programming subproblems ...

Dynamic programming provides a road map at each point in time for optimal spending and asset allocation, which have been determined by first considering optimal future behavior stemming from today ...