Upper and lower bounds If a number or measurement has been rounded, it can be important to consider what possible values the exact value could have been.

Upper and lower bounds If a number or measurement has been rounded, it can be important to consider what possible values the exact value could have been.

The approximation is a distribution function which is, in the sense of convex order, an upper bound for the original distribution function. Explicit examples are given for pricing stochastic annuities ...

For most arrays, 1 is a convenient lower bound, so you do not need to specify the lower bound. However, specifying both the lower and the upper bounds is useful when the array dimensions have ...