At least 5% of data even in a reasonably high quality data set will likely contain anomalies—odd as these data might be, it is more peculiar not to find them than to identify them. More formally ...

Explore the importance of robust statistics like median and MAD in data analysis, ensuring accurate insights despite outliers ...

An outlier is defined as an observation that "appears" to be inconsistent with other observations in the data set (2). An outlier has a low probability that it originates from the same statistical ...

But z-tests usually require large data sets. Conformance runs from early commercial lots usually produce small data sets, and the standard deviation of the population is not usually known. We show, ...