Reviewed by Thomas J. Catalano Fact checked by Vikki Velasquez The discount rate refers to the interest rate used when calculating the net present value (NPV) of an investment. It represents the ...

How to Calculate Breakpoints in Excel. A price breakpoint is a discount you offer your customers based on the amount of units that they order. The breakpoint is the lower value of the range that ...

Learn how to approximate the effective convexity of bonds using Microsoft Excel with a modified and simpler version of the standard convexity formula.

Learn what Value at Risk is, what it indicates about a portfolio, its pros and cons, and how to calculate the VaR of a portfolio using Microsoft Excel.

How to calculate average stock returns in Excel In the following example, I'll calculate the returns for Microsoft stock using historical prices and dividends. The first step is to get organized.