By using op amps powered from a bipolar supply and ground-referencing the sensor signals, the op amp’s output will be at zero ...

This then feeds a second op-amp that amplifies the resulting DC voltage for the microcontroller input. This circuit is an especially simple op-amp application, and is a typical one for a sensor ...

We are all used to the op-amp, as a little black box from which we can derive an astonishingly useful range of circuit functions. But of course within it lurks a transistor circuit on a chip ...

When I started my electrical apprenticeship, I didn't know much about amps, outlets and electrical circuits ... that trips ...