Nirenberg's Genetic Code Chart, 1961-66 On May 27, 1961, Heinrich Matthaei, a postdoc working with NIH scientist Marshal Nirenberg, placed synthetic polyuracil RNA into 20 test tubes to see what it ...

The instructions encoded into DNA are thought to follow a universal set of rules across all domains of life. But researchers report today in Science 1 that organisms routinely break these rules.

When scientists discovered DNA and its double-helix form, they had finally identified the molecules that contain every human’s unique genetic code. But determining how those instructions were ...

In a giant feat of genetic engineering, scientists have created bacteria that make proteins in a radically different way than all natural species do.

Synthetic DNA is rapidly emerging as a durable, high-density information storage platform. A major challenge for DNA-based information encoding strategies is the high rate of errors that arise during ...

A new technique which colour codes DNA for laser sequencing may offer a faster and cheaper way of sequencing genomes compared with conventional methods. By dyeing each of DNA's four building ...

Darwin's theory of evolution should be expanded to include consideration of a DNA stability 'energy code' -- so-called 'molecular Darwinism' -- to further account for the long-term survival of ...