Letter Published: 23 November 2003 Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution Joshua W. Shaevitz, Elio A. Abbondanzieri, Robert Landick & Steven M. Block ...

ABSTRACT: We discuss methodological and implementation issues of spatial, temporal and combined spatio-temporal backtracking and illustrate larval backtracking for North Sea lesser sandeel Ammodytes ...

A non-backtracking walk on a graph, H, is a directed path of directed edges of H such that no edge is the inverse of its preceding edge. Non-backtracking walks of a given length can be counted using ...

Scientists have discovered that, when a DNA-reading enzyme moves backwards along a gene, it may do so to help control when the gene is turned on.